03.C++

#include <iostream>  // Include the standard input-output library
using namespace std; // Use the standard namespace to avoid prefixing std::

// Define a class named Account
class Account
{
    private:
        string id;      // Holds the account ID
        string name;    // Holds the account holder's name
        int balance = 0; // Holds the account balance, initialized to zero

    public:
    // Constructor that initializes an account with an ID and name, balance defaults to 0
    Account(string i, string n)
    {
        id = i;
        name = n;
    }
    
    // Overloaded constructor that initializes an account with an ID, name, and balance
    Account(string i, string n, int b)
    {
        id = i;
        name = n;
        balance = b;
    }
    
    // Getter method to retrieve the account ID
    string getID()
    {
        return id;
    }

    // Getter method to retrieve the account holder's name
    string getName()
    {
        return name;
    }
    
    // Getter method to retrieve the current balance
    int getBalance()
    {
        return balance;
    }
    
    // Method to add a specified amount to the balance (credit the account)
    int credit(int amount)
    {
        balance += amount; // Increase the balance by the credited amount
        return balance;    // Return the updated balance
    }
    
    // Method to withdraw a specified amount from the balance (debit the account)
    int debit(int amount)
    {
        if (amount <= balance)  // Check if there are sufficient funds
        {
            balance -= amount;  // Deduct the amount from the balance
        }
        else
        {
            cout << "Amount exceeded balance" << endl; // Print an error message if insufficient funds
        }
        return balance; // Return the updated balance
    }

    // Method to transfer a specified amount to another account
    int transferTo(Account &account, int amount)
    {
        if (amount <= balance) // Check if sufficient balance is available
        {
            balance -= amount;  // Deduct amount from the sender's account
            account.credit(amount); // Add amount to the recipient's account
        }
        else
        {
            cout << "Amount exceeded balance" << endl; // Print error if insufficient balance
        }
        return balance; // Return the updated balance
    }
};

int main() {
    // Create an Account object for Mahmoud with an initial balance of 12,200
    Account No1("001", "Mahmoud", 12200); 
    
    // Create another Account object for Mohamed with an initial balance of 10,000
    Account No2("002", "Mohamed", 10000);
    
    // Add 5623 to Mahmoud's balance
    No1.credit(5623);
    cout << "Balance after credit: " << No1.getBalance() << endl; // Display updated balance

    // Withdraw 9000 from Mahmoud's balance
    No1.debit(9000);
    cout << "Balance after debit: " << No1.getBalance() << endl; // Display updated balance

    // Transfer 5000 from Mahmoud's account to Mohamed's account
    No1.transferTo(No2, 5000);
    cout << "Balance after transfer: " << No1.getBalance() << endl; // Display Mahmoud's balance after transfer

    return 0; // Indicate successful program termination
}