04.C++

#include <iostream> // Library for input and output operations
using namespace std; // To avoid using std:: before cout, cin, etc.

class Time
{       
private:
    int hour = 0;   // Stores the hour value (0-23)
    int minute = 0; // Stores the minute value (0-59)
    int second = 0; // Stores the second value (0-59)
    
public:
    // Constructor: Initializes a Time object with given values
    Time(int h, int m, int s) 
    {
        setHour(h);    // Validates and sets the hour
        setMinute(m);  // Validates and sets the minute
        setSecond(s);  // Validates and sets the second
    }
    
    // Getter method for hour
    int getHour() 
    {
        return hour; 
    }
    
    // Getter method for minute
    int getMinute() 
    {
        return minute; 
    }
    
    // Getter method for second
    int getSecond() 
    { 
        return second; 
    }
    
    // Setter method for hour with validation
    void setHour(int h)
    {
        if (h >= 0 && h <= 23) // Ensure the hour is in the correct range
        {
            hour = h;
        }
        else 
        {
            hour = 0; // Default value if input is invalid
        }
    }

    // Setter method for minute with validation
    void setMinute(int m)
    {
        if (m >= 0 && m <= 59) // Ensure the minute is in the correct range
        {
            minute = m;
        }
        else
        {
            minute = 0; // Default value if input is invalid
        }
    }

    // Setter method for second with validation
    void setSecond(int s)
    {
        if (s >= 0 && s <= 59) // Ensure the second is in the correct range
        {
            second = s;
        }
        else
        {
            second = 0; // Default value if input is invalid
        }
    }
    
    // Method to set time by calling individual setter methods
    void setTime(int h, int m, int s) 
    {
        setHour(h);
        setMinute(m);
        setSecond(s);
    }
    
    // Method to return a new Time object representing the next second
    Time nextSecond() 
    {
        Time temp(hour, minute, second); // Create a copy of the current time
        
        temp.second++; // Increment the second
        if (temp.second >= 60) // If seconds reach 60, reset to 0 and increase minute
        {
            temp.second = 0;
            temp.minute++;
            if (temp.minute >= 60) // If minutes reach 60, reset to 0 and increase hour
            {
                temp.minute = 0;
                temp.hour++;
                if (temp.hour >= 24) // If hours reach 24, reset to 0 (new day starts)
                {
                    temp.hour = 0;
                }
            }
        }
        return temp; // Return the updated Time object
    }
    
    // Method to return a new Time object representing the previous second
    Time prevSecond() 
    {
        Time temp(hour, minute, second); // Create a copy of the current time
        
        temp.second--; // Decrement the second
        if (temp.second < 0) // If seconds go below 0, set to 59 and decrease minute
        {
            temp.second = 59;
            temp.minute--;
            if (temp.minute < 0) // If minutes go below 0, set to 59 and decrease hour
            {
                temp.minute = 59;
                temp.hour--;
                if (temp.hour < 0) // If hours go below 0, set to 23 (previous day)
                {
                    temp.hour = 23;
                }
            }
        }
        return temp; // Return the updated Time object
    }
};

int main() {
    // Creating a Time object with the maximum valid time (23:59:59)
    Time T1(23, 59, 59);
    
    // Getting the next second after 23:59:59, which should reset to 00:00:00
    Time T2 = T1.nextSecond();
    cout << "Next second: " << T2.getHour() << ":" << T2.getMinute() << ":" << T2.getSecond() << endl;
    
    // Getting the previous second before 23:59:59, which should be 23:59:58
    Time T3 = T1.prevSecond();
    cout << "Prev second: " << T3.getHour() << ":" << T3.getMinute() << ":" << T3.getSecond() << endl;
    
    return 0; // End of program
}