From 99776dd19069c1eab54abd023421aec893045731 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tobias Bengfort <tobias.bengfort@gmx.net>
Date: Tue, 15 Mar 2016 20:57:16 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 1/2] add test cases for contrast with transparency

---
 test/css/functions.css   | 2 ++
 test/less/functions.less | 2 ++
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+)

diff --git a/test/css/functions.css b/test/css/functions.css
index 4f8061225..400188deb 100644
--- a/test/css/functions.css
+++ b/test/css/functions.css
@@ -54,6 +54,8 @@
   contrast-dark-thresh-per: #eeeeee;
   contrast-high-thresh-per: #eeeeee;
   contrast-low-thresh-per: #eeeeee;
+  contrast-high-alpha: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);
+  contrast-low-alpha: #eeeeee;
   replace: "Hello, World!";
   replace-captured: "This is a new string.";
   replace-with-flags: "2 + 2 = 4";
diff --git a/test/less/functions.less b/test/less/functions.less
index 4866bdca7..cdc3aafbe 100644
--- a/test/less/functions.less
+++ b/test/less/functions.less
@@ -58,6 +58,8 @@
   contrast-dark-thresh-per: contrast(#000, #111111, #eeeeee, 50%);
   contrast-high-thresh-per: contrast(#555, #111111, #eeeeee, 60%);
   contrast-low-thresh-per: contrast(#555, #111111, #eeeeee, 9%);
+  contrast-high-alpha: contrast(#aaa, rgba(0,0,0,0.9), #eeeeee);
+  contrast-low-alpha: contrast(#aaa, rgba(0,0,0,0.1), #eeeeee);
   replace: replace("Hello, Mars.", "Mars\.", "World!");
   replace-captured: replace("This is a string.", "(string)\.$", "new $1.");
   replace-with-flags: replace("One + one = 4", "one", "2", "gi");

From 41e296a1dcd552e757b43244869832c83c5746ac Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tobias Bengfort <tobias.bengfort@gmx.net>
Date: Tue, 15 Mar 2016 21:00:09 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 2/2] implement symmetric minimal contrast

---
 lib/less/functions/color.js | 59 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------
 1 file changed, 43 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lib/less/functions/color.js b/lib/less/functions/color.js
index db72f6e02..dbac7ae4e 100644
--- a/lib/less/functions/color.js
+++ b/lib/less/functions/color.js
@@ -30,6 +30,48 @@ function scaled(n, size) {
         return number(n);
     }
 }
+function alphaBlend(color1, color2) {
+    var ab = color1.alpha, // backdrop
+        as = color2.alpha, // source
+        ar, r = [];        // result
+
+    ar = as + ab * (1 - as);
+
+    if (ar) {
+        for (var i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+            r[i] = (as * color2.rgb[i] + ab * (1 - as) * color1.rgb[i]) / ar;
+        }
+        return new Color(r, ar);
+    } else {
+        return color2;
+    }
+}
+function contrastBase(bg, fg) {
+    var lbg = bg.luma(),
+        lfg = alphaBlend(bg, fg).luma();
+    return (Math.max(lbg, lfg) + 0.05) / (Math.min(lbg, lfg) + 0.05);
+}
+function contrastMin(bg, fg) {
+    // Calculate the minimum possible contrast between two colors.
+    // This is identical to contrastBase except for cases in which
+    // bg.alpha < 1.
+    var bgBlack = alphaBlend(colorFunctions.rgb(0, 0, 0), bg),
+        bgWhite = alphaBlend(colorFunctions.rgb(255, 255, 255), bg),
+        lfg = fg.luma();
+
+    if (bgWhite.luma() < lfg) {
+        return contrastBase(bgWhite, fg);
+    } else if (bgBlack.luma() > lfg) {
+        return contrastBase(bgBlack, fg);
+    } else {
+        return 1;
+    }
+}
+function contrast(color1, color2) {
+    var c1 = contrastMin(color1, color2);
+    var c2 = contrastMin(color2, color1);
+    return (c1 + c2) / 2;
+}
 colorFunctions = {
     rgb: function (r, g, b) {
         return colorFunctions.rgba(r, g, b, 1.0);
@@ -282,22 +324,7 @@ colorFunctions = {
         if (typeof color2 === 'undefined') {
             color2 = colorFunctions.rgba(255, 255, 255, 1.0);
         }
-        var contrast1, contrast2;
-        var luma = color.luma();
-        var luma1 = color1.luma();
-        var luma2 = color2.luma();
-        // Calculate contrast ratios for each color
-        if (luma > luma1) {
-            contrast1 = (luma + 0.05) / (luma1 + 0.05);
-        } else {
-            contrast1 = (luma1 + 0.05) / (luma + 0.05);
-        }
-        if (luma > luma2) {
-            contrast2 = (luma + 0.05) / (luma2 + 0.05);
-        } else {
-            contrast2 = (luma2 + 0.05) / (luma + 0.05);
-        }
-        if (contrast1 > contrast2) {
+        if (contrast(color, color1) > contrast(color, color2)) {
             return color1;
         } else {
             return color2;