test: Add Arduino CircleCI Config

[sleepdefic1t]

Proposed changes

This PR adds the necessary configuration for CircleCI to compile the Cpp-Client library via Arduino-CLI. If the Cpp-Client library builds successfully via Arduino-CLI, the test is considered to have passed.
At this time, only the ESP32 chipset is supported in this test.

note: CI will fail until #72 is merged, and this PR is updated.

Reasons for this change:

• Promote Arduino IDE compatibility.
• Improve maintainability of an incoming Arduino branch for the Arduino IDE Library Manager src.

Types of changes

• Bugfix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Refactoring (improve a current implementation without adding a new feature or fixing a bug)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)
• Build (changes that affect the build system)
• Docs (documentation only changes)
• Test (adding missing tests or fixing existing tests)
• Other... Please describe:

Checklist

• I have read the CONTRIBUTING documentation
• Lint and unit tests pass locally with my changes
• I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my feature works
• I have added necessary documentation (if appropriate)

[ghost]

@air1one @faustbrian - please review this in the next few days. Be sure to explicitly select labels so I know what's going on.

If no reviewer appears after a week, a reminder will be sent out.

[ghost]

@sleepdefic1t The ci/circleci: build-arduino-default job is failing as of ee2b3851dcc0bd5f214fd77a9abe99d68c686b02. Please review the logs for more information.

Once you've pushed the fixes, the build will automatically re-run. Thanks!