Add additional type overload to Object.values

[keriwarr]

• There is an associated issue that is labeled 'Bug' or 'help wanted'
• Code is up-to-date with the master branch
• You've successfully run gulp runtests locally
• There are new or updated unit tests validating the change

I'm making this PR on github, gonna check out the project and run gulp/tests as soon as I open it

Motivation

I use a lot of enums, and I am very frequently writing code which exhuastively switches over enums, and so on. Fairly often I find that I want to check whether a value is contained within an enum, or iterate over the values in the enum.

The way I've been doing that is like this:

enum Foo {
  A,
  B,
}

if ((Object.values(Foo) as Foo[]).includes(value) {
  ...
}

with this new overload, I can more simply do

if (Object.values(Foo).includes(value) {
  ...
}

As far as I can tell, this new overload doesn't interfere with standard uses of Object.values

Tests

still working on it. opening as draft for now

[RyanCavanaugh]

Recommend reading #26901; we would not accept this PR